英語溝通｜Ethos, Logos, Pathos: 說服的三大指標
Ethos, logos 和 pathos 是說服他人時所使用的三個模式，也就是說，講者需要這三大特質，才有可能讓聽眾願意接受你所提供的訊息。
＃1 Ethos: 信譽和人格特質
說服你的聽眾你擁有好的人格特質與可信度，因此你說出來的話也同樣值得採信。
Ex.
Brené Brown 教授這樣介紹自己，讓聽眾明白她不只是為學者，同時也是一位非常擅長說故事的講者：
“you know, I am a storyteller. I'm a qualitative researcher. I collect stories; that's what I do. And maybe stories are just data with a soul. And maybe I'm just a storyteller. And so I said, "You know what? Why don't you just say I'm a researcher-storyteller.”
＃2 Logos: 邏輯和理性辯論
任何口說無憑的言論都無法使人信服，在言談中加入數據與事實來增強自己的論點。
Ex.
作家 Simon Sinek 在一次演講中，講完自己的論點後表示，這一切都不是個人想法，而是真正的生物學，接著提供學術性的內容來佐證自己：
Here's the best part: None of what I'm telling you is my opinion. It's all grounded in the tenets of biology. Not psychology, biology. The neocortex is responsible for all of our rational and analytical thought and language. The middle two sections make up our limbic brains, and our limbic brains are responsible for all of our feelings, like trust and loyalty. It's also responsible for all human behavior, all decision-making, and it has no capacity for language.
＃3 Pathos: 情感連結
動之以情，與聽眾情感連結，藉此影響他們的思考。
Ex.
Michelle Obama 在 2020年的一場演講中，不斷透過感性內容來提昇聽眾的共情：
It's a hard time and everyone's feeling it in different ways. And I know a lot of folks are reluctant to tune into a political convention right now or to politics in general. Believe me, I get that. But I am here tonight because I love this country with all my heart, and it pains me to see so many people hurting. I've met so many of you, I've heard your stories, and through you I have seen this country's promise. And thanks to so many who came before me. thanks to their toil and sweat and blood. I've been able to live that promise myself. That's the story of America. All those folks who sacrificed and overcame so much in their own times because they wanted something more, something better for their kids. There's a lot of beauty in that story. There's a lot of pain in it too. A lot of struggle and injustice and work left to do. And who we choose as our president in this election will determine whether or not we honor that struggle and chip away at that injustice and keep alive the very possibility of finishing that work.